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Climate activist Greta Thunberg fined again for a climate protest in Sweden_我的网站

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A |     我们对抗癌症--乃至所有疾病--的最大武器是我们的免疫系统,但即使它有时也需要一个帮手。免疫疗法提供了这种帮助,其中一种方法即所谓的免疫检查点抑制剂。    STOCKHOLM -- A Swedish court on Wednesday fined climate activist Greta Thunberg once again for disobeying police during an environmental protest in July in southern Sweden.The Malmo District Court ordered her to pay a 2,250 kroner ($206) fine.Thunberg, who already had been fined for a similar offense, took part in a July 24 environmental protest at an oil terminal in Malmo, where activists temporarily blocked access to the facility by sitting down and were removed by police.On Sept. 15, she was charged with disobedience to law enforcement for refusing to obey police asking her to leave the scene. She then was dragged away by two uniformed officers. Thunberg, 20, has admitted to the facts but denied guilt, saying the fight against the fossil fuel industry was a form of self-defense due to the existential and global threat of the climate crisis.”We have the science on our side and we have morality on our side. Nothing in the world can change that and so it is. I am ready to act based on the conditions that exist and whether it leads to more sentences,” she said after the verdict. On June 24, the same court fined her 2,500 kronor (about $230) for refusing to obey police orders when taking part in a similar demonstration the previous month where she and others blocked access to the same oil terminal days earlier and were removed by police.On Thursday, the Swede is due to travel to neighboring Norway to take part in a protest with activists, including Indigenous Sami. They're protesting a wind farm of 151 turbines and want it removed because they say it endangers the reindeer herders’ way of life. The activists say a transition to green energy shouldn’t come at the expense of the rights of Indigenous people.Two years ago, Norway’s Supreme Court ruled that the construction of the turbines had violated the rights of the Sami, who have used the land for reindeer for centuries. The Norwegian government has no plans to remove the wind farm.Thunberg inspired a global youth movement demanding stronger efforts to fight climate change after staging weekly protests outside the Swedish Parliament starting in 2018.。这些药物能有效地解除免疫反应的自然刹车,从而使其能更长时间地跟癌症作斗争。尽管到目前为止这些药物看起来很有希望,但它们对一开始就没有什么免疫活动的“冷 ”肿瘤不起作用。因此,另一种类型的药物被称为STING激动剂,旨在将这些冷肿瘤激发为热肿瘤,从而使其更容易接受免疫疗法。但这些药物也有其缺点--即很难将它们瞄准癌细胞。而这正是这项新研究的意义所在。来自耶鲁大学和URI的研究人员使用了一种叫做低pH插入肽(pHLIP)的分子来引导药物到它需要去的地方。pHLIP被吸引到酸性环境中,就像癌症在自身周围形成的那种环境一样,非常方便。该研究的论文共同作者Donald Engelman说道:“当pHLIP遇到具有中性pH值的细胞膜时,它将短暂地坐在表面,然后拉走。但如果它处于酸性环境中,那么该肽就会折叠成一个螺旋,穿过细胞膜并停留在那里。”该团队将pHLIP跟STING激动剂结合起来,从而使前者将后者带到癌细胞并帮助它们在内部开始工作。在小鼠身上的测试证明是有希望的--研究人员给20只患有小结肠肿瘤的小鼠注射了pHLIP-STING,发现在一次注射后,18只小鼠的肿瘤在几天内完全消失了。

B | 在另一组有较大肿瘤的小鼠中,10只小鼠中有7只看到它们的肿瘤完全消失。相比之下,另一组10只小鼠只接受了STING,它们没有pHLIP的指导。所有10只小鼠的肿瘤生长都略有减缓,但肿瘤仍然存在。这种治疗甚至似乎具有持久的效果。

C | 研究小组将新的癌细胞注射到已无肿瘤的小鼠体内,结果60天后没有新的肿瘤出现,这表明免疫记忆已经形成。虽然这项技术听起来很有希望,但通常的注意事项也是适用的--动物试验的结果并不总是能延续到人类身上。在任何基于pHLIP-STING的潜在治疗方法能够找到用途之前还需要做更多的工作。

D |

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Published on:15:05:50


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